Sobriety Tester
The basis of this circuit is the 555 timer operating in the astable mode. The oscillating output can be used as a tuning aid for a guitar. The first string of a guitar ,E, produces a frequency of 82.4 Hz. The frequency of the oscillator is set to twice this value, 164.8 Hz. and then followed by a dived by 2 stage to provide the required frequency. The purpose of the divide by 2 stage is to guarantee that the waveform produced has a duty cycle of 50%. The frequency of oscillation of the circuit is set by the adjustment of R1,R2 and C4. The output of IC2 is fed to the emitter follower Q1 to produce current gain to drive the speaker. C3 acts as a high pass filter to attenuate harmonics and produce a natural sounding note. The circuit is powered by 5 volt dc supply and this voltage must fall within the range of 4.74 to 5.25 volts for IC2 to operate properly.
This circuit detects the amount of light that is shining on the phototransistor Q1. As the light intensity increases at the input of Q1 the voltage output gets amplified by the 741 op amp IC1. You can typically purchase a analog meter movement unit from Radio Shack still and alot of surplus mail order companies.
This circuit is based on the 555 timer. It is used to detect whether someone is touching the tip of resistor R2 or is coming close to it. R2 can be connected to anything metal, for example a small piece of copper or tin foil, etc. When someone's hand comes close to this piece of metal or touches it, it will cause the 555 to trigger on pin 2 which will cause it to output a high on pin 3 and turn on the LED. Not only will it turn on the LED but it will also cause the UJT to oscillate and output an alarm sound through the speaker. The tone of the sound is controlled by the combination values of R4 and C3. The UJT Q1 is a 2N2646 but any small signal UJT will work fine.
I am starting this month with some scans of circuits that I have used years ago that are still useful today. Hopefully the scans are clear enough.
This months project is based on the 4017 chip that we used in a project last month. If you haven't had a chance to review the basics of the 4017 chip you may want to review the info presented in June's project of the month.
The circuit presented this month is a basic configuration of the very versatile 4017 IC Chip. In the most common use of the IC, it will turn on 10 separate outputs sequentially. Typically, the circuit is used to turn on a LED for certain time cycle. In the circuit shown the VR can be adjusted so that the clock output of the NAND gate will be 1 second. With this clock at 1 second intervals, the 4017 chip will turn on output # 0 to be high which will light and LED. When clock pulse 2 is received a second later, output #1 will go high which will turn on LED2. This process will continue until all 10 outputs have gone on and then it will start all over again until you turn the power off. When building this circuit you should tie the left over pins of the other NAND gates in the CD4093 to ground. Therefore, pins 5,6,8,9, 12 and 13 should be connected to ground.
Ever wonder how a touch plate, like the kind you see on some elevators and lamps work? This circuit will give you a feel for how the touch plate works in a circuit and you can expand on the circuit to suit your project needs. The touch plate can be a small piece of metal or aluminum foil. Start the circuit by moving S2 to the set position and then back to the previous position. Now press S1. One of the LED's will light. Now touch the touch plate and the LED's will flip on the opposite way. The sensitivity of the plate will vary depending on the humidity. Adjust the VR and capacitor that is connected to S2 to adjust the sensitivity.
Labels: Electronic Control
The speed of an automobile can be indicated by detecting the pulses generated by the ignition system and causing an LED to light. The circuit utilizes a quad NOR gate IC chip. Two of the gates are configured as a one shot multivibrator which produces a fixed duration pulse each time the primary circuit of the automobile ignition system opens the circuit to the ignition coil. The other 2 gates are used as buffers which provide an accurate rectangle pulse. As the number of pulses per second increases, the voltage fed to the base of of the NPN transistor becomes high enough to cause it to conduct and turn on the LED. The speed at which the LED lights is set by R4. The input of the circuit is connected to the distributor side of the ignition coil or to the tachometer connection on those cars that are equipped with electronic ignition.
Labels: Other
This month I am making 3 different types of siren circuits based on the 555 timer. The first circuit simulates the siren of a British police car. It uses two 555 timers in the circuit. The 555 on the right is wired as an alarm tone generator and the second 555 timer on the left is a 1 Hz astable multivibrater. The output of the left timer is to frequency modulate the right timer. This causes the right timers frequency to alternate between 440Hz and 550Hz at a 1 Hz cyclic rate. The transistor is used to help strengthen the signal to the speaker.
Labels: Alarm
Ever needed a low power 120volt AC power source for your car, van or truck? Well this circuit should do the trick for you. It will supply 15 watts of AC power to a device. It should power lamps, shavers, small stereos and small appliances. If you draw to much power the circuit will shut down all by itself. The output of this circuit is a square wave so there may be some noticeable hum on audio units plugged into it. To reduce some of the hum increase the value of the output capacitor which is at .47uf now. That transistor in the circuit are high power PNP transistors. Radio Shack part number 276-2025 are good ones to use or TIP32. The transformer is a 24 volt 2 amp center tapped secondary Radio Shack part number 273-1512 or equivalent.
Labels: Inverter
Labels: Audio
Labels: Checker
This month I am continuing with the PIC projects that I started in August. To be able to build this circuit you must build the August circuit which allows you the ability to program PIC's.
The program is listed below:
;File DEMO.ASM
;Assembly code for PIC16F84 micro controller
;Blinks LED's on the outputs in a rotating pattern.
;With 75khz osc, each LED stays on half a second.
;CPU configuration
; (its a 16F84,RC Oscillator, watchdog timer off, power-up timer on)
processor 16f84
include
_config _RC_OSC &_WDT_OFF &_PWRITE_ON
;Declare variables at 2 memory locations.
J equ H'1F' ;J=Address hex 1F
K equ H'1E' ;K=Address hex 1E
;Program
org 0 ;start at address 0
;Set port B as output and initialize it
movlw B'00000000' ;w : =00000000 binary
tris PORTB ;port B ctrl register := w
movlw B'00000001' ;w := 00000001 binary
movwf PORTB ;port B itself := w
;Rotate the bits of port B leftward
mloop: rlf PORTB,f
;Waste some time by executing nested loops.
movlw D'50' ;w := 50 decimal
movwf J ;J :=w
jloop: movwf K ;K :=w
kloop: decfsz J,f ;J = J -1, skip next if zero
goto kloop
decsz J,f ;J = J - 1, skip next if zero
goto jloop
;Do it all again
goto mloop
end
The program works as follows. The first few lines in the program are what is called comment lines. Comment lines assist us in documenting what each part of the programs function is. If a program is commented well, then it will be easier later own to understand why the program was written the way it was. Any line that begins with a semicolon is a comment line and will be ignored when the assembler is run. The assembler is another program that will convert these written instructions and convert them to binary data to be programmed into the PIC. The first true commands that the PIC will process is the processor, include and _config. These instructions tells the assembler that it is using 16F84 instructions. The second instruction says to include a set of predefined constants in a file called P16F84.inc. Finally, the third instruction sets various configuration bits in the PIC to turn on the RC Oscillator, turn off the watch dog timer and turn on the automatic power up reset timer. That way the PIC will reboot every time power is applied. The two equ instructions reserve memory space in the PIC's RAM for two variables, which is being called "J" and "K". The locations are in Hex 1E and 1F. Theses locations will be used to store counters to keep track of how many times a loop has been repeated. The org instruction tells the assembler that the program starts at location 0. in the program memory and that the actual program is next. The first real PIC instruction is a
Labels: Microcontroller
The following information was extracted from the September 1998 Electronics Now Magazine. The author of the article was Michael A. Covington. In Michael's article he acknowledges the contribution of David Tait in regards to the "TOPIC" program. This project provides the beginning of a Learning Series on PIC micro controller. I will be providing other projects based on PIC in the future and therefore this project, PIC Programmer, is necessary for any future projects. It will allow you to program a PIC to perform functions that in the past would require numerous IC chips.
What is a PIC?. Well, like other micro controllers it is a tiny computer with CPU, ROM, RAM, and I/O circuits all on one chip. I will be focusing my projects on the inexpensive PIC's that are on the market. The chips that I will be using will be 16C84, 16F83 and 16F84. These chips are around $6.00. Because the ROM inside the chips are electrically erasable, the same PIC can be reprogrammed many times for different types of projects. Any information stored in the PIC will be held for more then 40 years, without power applied, until it is electrically erased. Unlike other microcontrollers, these PIC's do not require quartz crystals or resonators for their clock; you can simply use a resistor and capacitor as the oscillating elements.
The project presented here will provide you with the ability to program a PIC from your parallel printer port on your PC computer. To program a PIC is relatively simple. A standard 5 volt DC supply voltage is connected to pin 14 and ground is connected to pin 5. Now bring the voltage on pin 4 to between 12 and 14 volts dc. The data is clocked in one bit at a time through pins 13 and 12. The data itself is sent to pin 13. Once the bit is ready, the voltage on pin 12 is raised to 5 volts for at least 0.1 microseconds before being lowered back to ground. The data that was sent to the chip can sent back out of the chip on pin 13 to verify he accuracy.
Labels: Microcontroller
This circuit power Inverter 100W, it easy and good ideas.
Labels: Inverter
The Travel Touch Alarm can be used to provide a audible alarm when someone touches the door knob or handle of your hotel room. The door knob or handle must be made of metal for the circuit to work. The main chip in the circuit is a 555 timer which will be triggered if a hand comes close to or touches the door knob. The circuit attaches to the door knob at the end of the 1 meg ohm resistor. Once the timer is triggered the LED will light and the UJT will output a tone to the speaker. The timer will time out in 5 seconds. The sensitivity of the trigger can be changed by changing the 1 meg ohm resistor to another value. The 5 second time out can be adjusted by changing the value of the resistor connected between pin 8 and pin 7. The output tone can be changed by changing the RC values on the base of the UJT.
Labels: Alarm
The Sun - Up Alarm can be used to provide a audible alarm for when the sun comes up or it can be used in a dark area and detect when a light comes on. It can also be used to detect a light beam, headlights etc. The circuit works as follows. The phototransistor is very sensitive to light. (Any phototransistor will work fine) The sun shining on this device will provide a high to one of the NAND gates. This will cause another NAND gate to oscillate which will drive another gate to output a 100hz tone. The transistor provides drive for the speaker.
Labels: Alarm
With this circuit you can mix four separate audio inputs. Each input will accept high or low impedance microphones, phonograph, tape or aux signals. You can adjust the gain of each input by adjusting each respective pot. With the Stereo/Mono switch you can combine just inputs 1,2 and 3,4 or in the Mono position combine all four inputs. Signal response is 20 Hz. to 20kHz. with very high input impedance and very low distortion with complete output short circuit protection. This circuit will drive any power amp with an input impedance of 2,000 ohms.
Labels: Audio
Labels: Power Supply
Labels: Lighting
The purpose of this circuit is to automatically turn off any device plugged into its power outlets after a certain period of time. Shutoff is activated by an absences of an audio signal or by a standard timer function. This unit would be connected to speaker terminals of a stereo system, tape outputs, TV earphone jack or audio outputs etc. Once the audio signal drops below a predetermined level a timer function will turn off any device powered by the outlets on the back of this unit. For example, if you like to fall asleep listening to your CD player. This unit could be hooked up to your speaker terminals. After the CD is done playing the audio signal would drop below the threshold value and the unit would turn off your stereo system after a certain timer interval had passed and therefore you would not have to worry about falling asleep and having your stereo being on all night. This controller can also be used as a standard timer control without the audio input and turn devices off after a preset time interval. The outlets can handle loads of up to 1200 watts and the unit is fused with a 10 amp fuse for protection.
Labels: Audio
Labels: Alarm
Labels: Electronic Control
Labels: Audio
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Labels: Schematic mobile phone